V dnešní době, kdy technologie a stroje hrají klíčovou roli ve většině průmyslových odvětví, jsou ovládací prvky nezbytným prvkem pro správné řízení a ovládání strojů a zařízení. Ovládací prvky umožňují uživatelům pracovat s technologiemi a stroji s rychlostí a přesností, které by jinak nebyly možné. V této příručce se zaměříme na různé typy ovládacích prvků používaných v průmyslu a jak je správně používat pro dosažení optimální výkonnosti a bezpečnosti.
Controls in the Czech Language: A Comprehensive Guide
If you are planning to travel to the Czech Republic or want to learn Czech, it is essential to be familiar with the language’s controls, also known as číslovky. Controls are used to count, measure, or describe quantities of people, objects or concepts in Czech. Knowing these terms will enable you to interact with locals, buy goods, ask for directions or even express your opinions about the number of things. In this article, we will give you an overview of Czech controls and how to use them correctly.
Cardinal Numbers (základní číslovky)
Cardinal numbers are the basic numbers used to count anything in the Czech language. They are essential since they form the basis of other controls categories such as ordinal numbers, distributive numbers, and more. In Czech, cardinal numbers are divided into two groups: numbers from 1 to 10 and the rest.
Number from 1 to 10 are:
1 – jeden
2 – dva
3 – tři
4 – čtyři
5 – pět
6 – šest
7 – sedm
8 – osm
9 – devět
10 – deset
To use numbers beyond ten, one needs to know that Czech uses the decimal system, where the names of numbers change based on the position they are in. For instance, 100 in Czech is called sto, which is different from tisíc, meaning 1000.
Ordinal Numbers (řadové číslovky)
Ordinal numbers show the position or order of an object in a series. In Czech, ordinal numbers are formed by adding ‘-tý’ to the cardinal number. However, the declension forms change in relation to gender, number, and case.
For example:
– první – first (masculine)
– druhá – second (feminine)
– třetí – third (neuter)
– čtvrtí – fourth (plural)
Ordinal numbers are commonly used when talking about dates, ranking competitors in games or sports, or telling the time.
Distributive Numbers (násobné číslovky)
Distributive numbers indicate the distribution of things in a frequency or repetition of a given quantity. In Czech, they can be formed by adding ‘-krát’ to the cardinal number.
For example:
– raz – once (cardinal number 1)
– dvakrát – twice (cardinal number 2)
– třikrát – three times (cardinal number 3)
– desetkrát – ten times (cardinal number 10)
It is worth noting that some distributive numbers have an irregular form, such as ‘jednou’ meaning once and ‘dvěma’ meaning twice.
Fractional Numbers (lomné číslovky)
Fractional numbers represent numerical quantities less than one. In Czech, they are formed using nouns or adjectives in a feminine gender, followed by the word ‘z’ or ‘ze,’ meaning ‘of.’
For example:
– půl – a half (noun)
– jedna pětina – one-fifth (adjective)
– dvě třetiny – two-thirds (adjective)
These terms can be used to describe measurements, recipes, or dividing things into parts or fractions.
Collective Numbers (slovní číslovky)
Collective numbers refer to a group or set of objects, things, or persons as a whole. In Czech, they are formed by adding the suffix ‘-ce’ or ‘-ice’ to the cardinal number.
For example:
– dvacetice – twenty-member group
– dvanáctice – twelve-member team
– sto pěticí – one hundred and fifty (group)
These terms are used when talking about team members, group sizes or bulk items.
Conclusion
Czech controls might seem confusing at first, but they are relatively easy to understand and learn with practice. Knowing these terms can help facilitate communication and make your time in the Czech Republic more enjoyable, especially when interacting with locals. The key to mastery is to keep practicing, memorizing and practicing some more. Take time and discover when and how to use each term, and you will find yourself speaking like a local Czech citizen.
